不同土地利用方式下的七里海湿地临界评价研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡为民  杨世媛  汪苏燕  周楠 《地理科学》2012,(4):499-505

在"湿地临界"概念的基础上,定性分析了湿地利用与保护的平衡状态,探讨了不同利用方式下的湿地临界的研究步骤,并从基于耕地和河蟹养殖地两种土地利用方式入手,对七里海湿地临界进行了评价。研究表明,通过建立湿地临界模型,从经济效益评价和生态效益的评估入手,对湿地资源利用与保护进行临界分析,可以较好的反映湿地利用的临界状态;采用该方法,七里海湿地耕地利用的年净收益为9 5941.42元/hm2,净损耗为18 072.75元/hm2,临界效益(△B)值为77 868.67元/hm2;养殖河蟹的年净效益为21 622.68元/hm2,净损耗为2 0274元/hm2,△B值为1 348.68元/hm2,说明在目前的社会经济发展水平下,耕地和养殖河蟹两种利用方式尚未超出开发利用的临界准则,七里海湿地仍然具有开发潜力。  相似文献   

基于审查回归模型的公众气象服务支付意愿影响因素分析——以无锡、武汉和西安为例     

管叶莉  吴先华  赵飞 《气象与减灾研究》2012,(4):50-56

采用审查回归模型,分别选取了中国东、中、西部的三个典型城市无锡、武汉和西安,计算了三城市受访者的支付意愿值,并对其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：（1）支付意愿值与地区经济发展水平直接相关。无锡、武汉和西安受访者的支付意愿分别为21.68,17.15和10.07元/年;（2）年龄越长者,由于其天气知识更丰富、日常消费较节俭,对气象服务的支付意愿越低;（3）文化程度越高者,更能理解和支持气象服务事业,对气象服务的支付意愿越高;（4）月收入变量对气象服务的支付意愿有显著影响,但就不同城市的受访者而言,影响的方向并不一致。  相似文献   

A new approach to assessing the water footprint of hydroelectric power based on allocation of water footprints among reservoir ecosystem services     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2015

Hydroelectric power is an important energy source to meet the growing demand for energy, and large amounts of water are consumed to generate this energy. Previous studies often assumed that the water footprint of hydroelectric power equaled the reservoir’s water footprint, but failed to allocate the reservoir water footprint among the many beneficiaries; dealing with this allocation remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a new approach to quantify the water footprint of hydroelectric power (WF_h) by separating it from the reservoir water footprint (WF) using an allocation coefficient (η_h) based on the ratio of the benefits from hydroelectric power to the total ecosystem service benefits. We used this approach in a case study of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the world’s largest reservoir, which provides multiple ecosystem services. We found large differences between the WF_h and the water footprint of per unit of hydroelectric production (PWF_h) calculated using η_h and those calculated without this factor. From 2003 to 2012, η_h decreased sharply (from 0.76 in 2005 to 0.41 in 2012), which was due to the fact that large increases in the value of non-energy ecosystem services, and particularly flood control. In 2009, flood control replaced hydroelectricity as the largest ecosystem service of water from the Three Gorges Reservoir. Using our approach, WF_h and PWF_h averaged 331.0 × 10⁶ m³ and 1.5 m³ GJ⁻¹, respectively. However, these values would almost double without allocating water footprints among different reservoir ecosystem services. Thus, previous studies have overestimated the WF_h and PWF_h of reservoirs, especially for reservoirs that serve multiple purposes. Thus, the allocation coefficient should not be ignored when calculating the WF of a product or service.  相似文献   

A conceptual model to integrate the regional context in landscape policy,management and contribution to rural development: Literature review and European case study evidence     

《Geoforum》2017

Agri-environmental policies and planning influence agricultural landscape management, and thus the capacity to deliver landscape services and to contribute to rural viability. Numerous models and frameworks have been developed to improve comprehension of the mechanisms and interrelationships between policies, landscape and socio-economic values and benefits. As social-ecological systems, landscapes are closely depending from the socio-institutional and territorial context of the specific rural locality. The paper proposes an enhanced framework for assessing these mechanisms by acknowledging the critical role of the regional macro-environment. A literature review and the revisiting of evidence from eight European case studies are applied to establish a comprehensive understanding and exemplification of the links between the policies, landscape, ecosystem services and value flows. Results highlight the need for integrative, inter- and transdisciplinary research approaches. Efficient landscape policies require enhanced regional embeddedness and targeting, acknowledgement of user demands and the capability of regional community and governance structures for policy implementation and natural capital valorisation.  相似文献   

Ambivalent climate of opinions: Tensions and dilemmas in understanding geoengineering experimentation     

《Geoforum》2017

Due to the fear of the consequences of climate change, many scientists today advocate the research into—but not deployment of—geoengineering, large-scale technological control of the global climate, to reduce the uncertainty around its efficacy and harms. Scientists propose in particular initiating field trials of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). This paper examines how the meanings of geoengineering experimentation, specifically SAI field trials, are reconfigured in the deliberation of the lay public. To this end, we conducted focus groups with Japanese citizens in June 2015 on the geoengineering concept and SAI field trials. Our main findings are as follows: the ‘climate emergency’ framing compelled the lay public to accept, either willingly or reluctantly, the need for ‘geoengineering research’; however, public discourse on SAI field trials was ambiguous and ambivalent, involving both tensions and dilemmas in understanding what the SAI field trial is for and about. Our results exhibit how the lay public wrestles with understanding the social, political, and ethical implications of SAI field trials in multiple dimensions, namely, accountability, controllability, predictability, and desirability. The paper argues that more clarity in the term ‘geoengineering research’ is needed to facilitate inclusive and pluralistic debates on geoengineering experimentation and not to preemptively arrive at a consensus that ‘we need more research.’ We conclude that ambivalence about both the pros and cons of geoengineering experimentation seems to be enduring; thus, instead of ignoring or repressing it, embracing ambivalence is required to keep the geoengineering debate democratic and inclusive.  相似文献   

Mapping the global value and distribution of coral reef tourism     

《Marine Policy》2017

Global coral reef related tourism is one of the most significant examples of nature-based tourism from a single ecosystem. Coral reefs attract foreign and domestic visitors and generate revenues, including foreign exchange earnings, in over 100 countries and territories. Understanding the full value of coral reefs to tourism, and the spatial distribution of these values, provides an important incentive for sustainable reef management. In the current work, global data from multiple sources, including social media and crowd-sourced datasets, were used to estimate and map two distinct components of reef value. The first component is local “reef-adjacent” value, an overarching term used to capture a range of indirect benefits from coral reefs, including provision of sandy beaches, sheltered water, food, and attractive views. The second component is “on-reef” value, directly associated with in-water activities such diving and snorkelling. Tourism values were estimated as a proportion of the total visits and spending by coastal tourists within 30 km of reefs (excluding urban areas). Reef-adjacent values were set as a fixed proportion of 10% of this expenditure. On-reef values were based on the relative abundance of dive-shops and underwater photos in different countries and territories. Maps of value assigned to specific coral reef locations show considerable spatial variability across distances of just a few kilometres. Some 30% of the world's reefs are of value in the tourism sector, with a total value estimated at nearly US$36 billion, or over 9% of all coastal tourism value in the world's coral reef countries.  相似文献   

Communicating research on the economic valuation of coastal and marine ecosystem services     

《Marine Policy》2017

Quantifying the monetary value of ecosystem services (ES) provided by coastal and marine resources can help policy makers assess the trade-offs and synergies inherent in ecosystem-based management of marine and coastal environments, thus increasing the social efficiency of decision-making processes. As shown by the valuation literature, the number of coastal and marine management settings where valuation researchers have attempted to make a contribution is rising fast. However, this rise in research activity has not been matched by the increase in the use of economic valuation (EV) in the actual management of coastal and marine resources. This raises an interesting question: is EV responding to the needs of policy makers? This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the knowledge base regarding the economic values for coastal and marine ecosystems. It then discusses how to improve the uptake of ES valuation research by focussing on two core issues which are thought to be essential for more effective communication with the policy community.  相似文献   

中国石化油田企业数据中心总体框架设计     

李剑峰  肖波  段鸿杰 《东北石油大学学报》2012,(1):73-77,2

随着数字油田建设的逐步深入,油田数据日益增多,数据集成化管理与应用难度随之增加,建立油田级数据中心成为必然.结合中国石化信息化建设现状,按照统一规划、统一标准、统一投资、统一建设和统一管理的建设原则,提出油田数据中心总体框架,根据框架需求设计数据中心的数据采集体系、数据存储体系和数据服务平台.中国石化油田企业数据中心在胜利油田完成试点建设,并相继推广至其他油田,取得较好效果.  相似文献   

玛纳斯县生态系统服务价值的动态评估   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

崇洁  李波  洪睿  张新时 《干旱区地理》2008,31(3):477-484

参考中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表,对新疆玛纳斯县1988-2003 年的生态系统服务价值进行了动态评估.1988 年、1997 年和2003 年的生态系统服务价值分别为:58.98 亿元、49.76 亿元、50.22 亿元,1997 年的生态系统服务价值比1988 年减少了9.22 亿元,变化幅度为-15.6%;但2003年的生态系统服务价值比1997 年有所增长,增加了0.46 亿元,变化幅度为0.92%;1988-2003 年,该县生态系统服务价值总体减少了8.76亿元,变化幅度为-14.9%.同时,通过分析玛纳斯县各乡镇1988、1997 和2003 年生态系统服务价值的动态变化以及空间分布的差异,探讨了其生态系统服务价值动态变化的空间分异性.  相似文献   

广州市中心城区基本医疗服务空间分布研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

胡瑞娴  陈忠暖 《云南地理环境研究》2008,20(4):48-53

以广州市最新一轮行政区划结果与医疗机构相关数据为基础,运用ARCGIS和SPSS软件,通过构建基本医疗服务优势度模型,对广州市中心城区医疗服务状况进行评价。得到以下结论：（1）形成以老城区组成的团块状高优势度区域为中心,优势度分值自中心向外围区域呈现环状递减,并且优势度高分值区域有向市区东部及北部延伸的趋势;（2）基本医疗服务能满足大部分居民的需求,特别是越秀、海珠、荔湾的部分区域优势度高,但个别区域基本医疗服务现状差强人意,亟待改善。  相似文献